Ethernet is a standard that enable two or more computer to share information and communicate. Ethernet network, also known as local area network (LAN), connects computers which can transfer data at the speed of 10Mbps or more. Since its invention, Ethernet standard has evolved a lot. Improved media access control methods, alternate physical medium and higher bandwidth are some of examples of evolution. This paper describes the network hardware which is used for establishing Ethernet connection. The pricing of the hardware is reducing day by day and they are very easy to maintain.

Network Interface Card History

The first NIC was organized at Jackson Hole in 1996 by Tony Zador, who has played some role in organizing most of the rest. Other organizers have included Wulfram Gerstner, Andreas Herz, Peter Latham, Zach Mainen, Mayank Mehta, Sheila Nirenberg, and Alex Pouget.

The goal of NIC is to bring together experimental and theoretical neuroscientists for small (60-80 people) invitation-only intensive three day workshops. The emphasis is on how new experimental and theoretical approaches can be combined to understand neural coding better. Most years there is a particular theme, but the overall spirit is maintained from year to year. Topics include information theoretic approaches; experimental approaches to understanding population coding (e.g. multi electrode recording); plasticity; and the possible importance of timing in neural transmission. Systems range from invertebrates to monkeys.

The NIC meetings have traditionally been held at ski resorts. The afternoon schedule is kept available for informal discussion, on or off the slopes.

Since 2000, NIC has been held outside the USA in Europe on even-numbered years (when it is called "NIC-E," or simply "NICE," for Europe; and NICI for India). However, in 2005 there was no NIC meeting; instead, participants were be encouraged to attend the larger Cosyne meeting.

What Is the Purpose of a Network Interface Card?

A computer uses a network interface card (NIC) to become part of a network. The NIC contains the electronic circuitry required to communicate using a wired connection (e.g., Ethernet) or a wireless connection (e.g., WiFi). A network interface card is also known as a network interface controller, network adapter, or Local Area Network (LAN) adapter.

Early NICs typically consisted of an expansion card connected to a computer's motherboard. This separate card contained the electronic circuitry and the physical connectors. Here's an example of a typical NIC:

Summary

A network interface card provides the computer with a dedicated, full-time connection to a network. Personal computers and workstations on a local area network (LAN) typically contain a network interface card specifically designed for the LAN transmission technology